Pityriasis Alba Disease

DESCRIPTION

A chronic skin disorder characterized by one or more groups of poorly marginated, pale pink or tan/white patches and plaques that appear on the cheeks, neck and lateral arms of children and young adults

  • System(s) affected: Skin/Exocrine
  • Genetics: Unknown, but is primarily seen in children with a genetic predisposition to atopic disease
  • Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Common, exact incidence unknown. Common, especially in dark-skin individuals in sunnier climates
  • Predominant age: 90% are between ages 6-12. Rare after 25.
  • Predominant sex: Male = Female
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Description - small, ill-defined pale pink or tan/white patches 1/2 to 3 cm size
  • Location - cheeks and lateral arms
  • Number - 1-12 or more patches
  • Palpation - smooth or slightly rough, and dry
  • Appearance - pinpoint white papules (representing accentuation and keratinization of follicular orifices)
  • Scale is either invisible or fine and light
  • More common in dark skinned individuals
  • Usually asymptomatic
  • Pruritic (rare)
  • More apparent in summertime in light skinned individuals
  • Lesions do not tan in summer
  • Even a small amount of sunlight exposure causes lesions to redden
CAUSES
  • Unknown. Maybe part of an atopic diathesis.
  • Possibly defects in melanin production or transfer
RISK FACTORS
Children with a genetic predisposition to atopic disease
LABORATORY

N/A

Drugs that may alter lab results: N/A
Disorders that may alter lab results: N/A

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Irregular melanin pigmentation of basal layer, follicular plugging, follicular spongiosis, and atrophic sebaceous glands
SPECIAL TESTS
Negative KOH skin scraping
IMAGING

N/A

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

History and physical exam. Atopic diathesis is of diagnostic significance.

APPROPRIATE HEALTH CARE

Outpatient

GENERAL MEASURES

No truly effective therapy available. Lubricating cream application may improve roughness and/or dryness.

SURGICAL MEASURES

N/A

ACTIVITY

No restrictions

DIET

No special diet

PATIENT EDUCATION

Stress long-term chronicity and permanent resolution in second or third decade of life

PREVENTION/AVOIDANCE

No known preventive measures

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

None expected

EXPECTED COURSE AND PROGNOSIS

Permanent resolution during second or third decade of life

ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS

Atopic dermatitis

AGE-RELATED FACTORS

Pediatric: More common in children 3 to 10 years
Geriatric: Rare in this age group
Others: N/A

PREGNANCY

N/A

OTHER NOTES

N/A

ABBREVIATIONS

N/A

Clinical Investigations

ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHY

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